The global chemical marketplace has become a dynamic landscape characterized by significant growth and developments. Key factors shaping this industry include growing global consumption for materials, coupled with strict policies aimed at guaranteeing environmental and health standards. Additionally, advancements in technology are steadily leading

Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Interestingly, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a pressing concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a specialized type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light to visible light, have attracted considerab